蛹網值錢

Bladder cancer has the highest recurrence rate of any malignancy

1. Pathophysiology
Transitional (urothelial) cell carcinoma: 90%
Squamous cell carcinoma: 5%. persistent inflammation from long-term indwelling Foley catheters and bladder stones, as well as, possibly, infections. In developing nations, SCC is often associated with bladder infection by Schistosoma haematobium
adenocarcinomas: 2%
Small cell carcinoma: 0.3-0.7%

2. Signs and symptoms
Painless gross hematuria - Approximately 80-90% of patients; classic presentation
Irritative bladder symptoms (eg, dysuria, urgency, frequency of urination) - 20-30% of patients
Pelvic or bony pain, lower-extremity edema, or flank pain - In patients with advanced disease
Palpable mass on physical examination - Rare in superficial bladder cancer
 

一、前言

攝護腺，又稱前列腺，在男性膀胱出口，能製造液體以構成精液的一部份。攝護腺癌是全世界男性第二多的癌症，尤其是使用攝護腺特異抗原prostate-specific antigen (PSA)篩檢後。